Estamos acostumados a idolatrar o modelo japonês na inovação, na produção e no trabalho. Simplesmente, colocamos o Japão no topo das teorias e dos modelos da produtividade e da qualidade total, copiando, literalmente, suas práticas organizacionais, através do modismo das certificações na qualidade total.
Desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o país do sol nascente investe sua energia na educação, objetivando formar as gerações subsequentes de cientistas e trabalhadores dedicados, colocando o oriente entre as nações mais competitivas, inovadores e produtivas do planeta. Todavia, diante da velocidade da informação e da guerra silenciosa entre as grandes corporações pelo mundo, torna-se imperativo que cada trabalhador se dedique ainda mais à empresa, com seus conceitos de eficiência, eficácia e produtividade, focalizando sempre o cliente, compreendendo suas opiniões, aspirações e tendências no mercado consumidor.
A verdade é que na busca pela otimização, o sonho japonês se tornou um pesadelo, enquanto que a taxa de suicídio dos trabalhadores, alegando a exaustão devido ao excesso das horas extras, está se transformando em objeto de estudo da sociologia, da antropologia industrial e psicologia organizacional, enquanto que o fenômeno já é popularmente conhecido pelos japoneses como “karoshi”.
Pelas leis trabalhistas japonesas, há o limite de setenta horas extras por mês, enquanto que muitos trabalhadores ultrapassam o limite, deixando de computar o excedente, para não prejudicar a empresa, principalmente, num período assombrado pela crise global nos recursos naturais e energéticos.
Não poderia deixar de associar a realidade japonesa à brasileira, uma vez que o governo federal está articulando no Congresso Nacional para dar maior liberdade nas relações contratuais trabalhistas entre o patrão e o empregado, além de elevar a jornada de trabalho de 8 para 12 horas diárias, o que deixaria o Brasil com a jornada semanal de 60 a 72 horas semanais, sem o cômputo das horas extras.
No Japão, temos os karoshis cometendo suicídio por exaustão no trabalho, com a maior incidência no universo dos trabalhadores com menos de 32 anos de idade, numa sociedade tecnológica, cuja tradição focaliza a perfeição. Por outro lado, no Brasil, temos o conflito entre as gerações X, Y e Z, com leis trabalhistas e modelos produtivos ultrapassados, sociedade anônimas frágeis diante da legislação empresarial e as peculiaridades culturais da política e da economia brasileiras. De um lado, uma cidade de 50.000 habitantes é reconstruída em meses após os abalos sísmicos de um terremoto. Do outro, uma obra que duraria um trimestre é entregue com dois, podendo chegar a cinco anos de atraso, produzindo altos custos para manter o mercado de trabalho formal em andamento, porque o atual modelo não se sustenta.
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